Can Beetroot Powder Improve Athletic Performance?

16 Jun.,2025

 

Can Beetroot Powder Improve Athletic Performance?

A powder made from grinding dried beets may be the secret to better performance in activities such as distance running, cycling and … ahem … a certain other sweaty endeavor.

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Research shows that consuming beetroot powder or beet juice can boost physical performance and stamina by increasing blood flow and oxygen delivery in your body. Basically, it’s blood doping via a root vegetable.

So, what kind of magic is the humble beet using? Let’s find out from registered dietitian Carly Sedlacek, RDN, LD.

What is beetroot powder?

Beets are a knobby root vegetable with a distinctive dark red coloring. It’s an easy-to-grow crop that’s been around for eons, which may explain why it pops up in so many recipes and cultural cuisines.

Beetroot powder is made from dehydrated beets that are ground down into tiny particles. The powder is a concentrated version of the vegetable. (One teaspoon of beetroot powder is considered the same as a whole beet!)

Many view beets as a “superfood” given their impressive nutritional resume, says Sedlacek. Beetroot powder is growing in popularity as a supplement that taps into those natural health benefits.

Beetroot powder can be mixed with water to make a juice or added to smoothies, sauces or even baked goods for a nutritional bump.

Beetroot powder as a performance enhancer

Understanding how beetroot powder can serve as a natural performance enhancer takes a little knowledge of biological science.

Let’s start with this fact: Beetroot powder is rich in nitrate, a compound made of nitrogen and oxygen. On its own, nitrate doesn’t do much for your body. But when your saliva converts it to nitrite and nitric oxide … well, good things happen.

“Nitric oxide relaxes and expands your blood vessels, which allows for increased blood flow and more oxygen delivered throughout your body,” explains Sedlacek. “In athletic terms, that can help you perform better for longer.”

There’s plenty of evidence showing how consuming beetroot powder can improve performance in endurance activities, too. For instance:

  • Recreational athletes were able to ride exercise bikes longer at higher intensity levels after just six days of drinking beetroot juice. Researchers called the findings “remarkable.”
  • Walking up steep hills became easier with less overall energy burned after participants took a beetroot supplement. Recovery time was faster, too.
  • Kayakers on a national team improved time trial performances by an average of 1.7% after being given a beetroot supplement. The improvements at that level of competition were considered significant.
  • Adolescents having obesity experienced improved exercise tolerance after drinking beetroot juice, which worked to extend the time spent doing physical activity.

There’s less conclusive research regarding whether beetroot powder can boost quick-burst activities such as sprinting or weightlifting. But a recent study of sprint cyclists indicates there may be some benefits in activities where the focus is on power and acceleration.

When to use beetroot powder

Timing is key if you’re planning to use beetroot powder to gain a competitive edge. The reason? It’s not exactly a fast-acting pre-workout supplement.

“Beetroot powder works best if taken about two to three hours before performance,” says Sedlacek. “It needs some time to get in your system. You’re not going to take it and see instant results.”

Plus, a big boost isn’t guaranteed: “Supplements affect everyone differently,” notes Sedlacek. “It might be something you need to experiment with a bit within the recommended amounts to take.”

Beetroot powder for sexual health?

Beetroot powder also may help enhance amorous physical activity for men and women.

Studies show that nitric oxide “is an essential mediator of erectile function.” Given that, many believe that beetroot powder can help alleviate erectile dysfunction (ED) by improving blood flow to the penis.

In addition, beetroot powder works to decrease high blood pressure — another common cause of ED.

High blood pressure also can reduce blood flow to the clitoris and vagina, lowering libido and making it more difficult to get aroused. In theory, beetroot powder may address those issues and improve the sexual experience.

It should be noted, though, that claims related to beetroot powder and sexual health are thin on scientific confirmation and heavy on anecdotal tales.

Other potential benefits of beetroot powder

The list of potential benefits offered by beetroot powder also includes:

  • Fighting inflammation. Beets and beetroot powder contain betalains, an antioxidant and natural pigment with anti-inflammatory properties. Inflammation is linked to diseases such as heart disease, asthma and Type 2 diabetes.
  • High-fiber content. Eating a diet high in fiber can lower your risk of chronic disease ­— and beetroot powder is packed with fiber.
  • Better brain function. Increased blood flow to your brain can help with cognitive function.
  • Potassium source. Surprise! A beet contains more potassium than a banana, an attribute that’s passed along in beetroot powder. Potassium can help lower blood pressure and improve heart health.

Risks of beetroot

If you’ve ever passed a kidney stone, you NEVER want to experience the feeling again. So, know this about beetroot powder: It’s high in oxalates, which can contribute to the formation of kidney stones.

“Beetroot powder can put you at risk of kidney stones, especially if you’ve had them previously,” cautions Sedlacek.

Also, be aware that your restroom output may look a bit different if you consume beetroot powder. The vibrant red coloring of the supplement may add a different tint to your urine and poop.

For more information, please visit beet root powder benefits.

In general, too, it’s best to talk to your healthcare provider about adding a supplement to your routine if you’re taking medications or working through a health condition.

Bottom line

Beetroot powder and beetroot juice have gained in popularity as “functional foods” for athletic performance. The International Olympic Committee even recognized beet juice as a legitimate sports food.

“Beetroot is generally recognized as being safe to use,” states Sedlacek. “It’s worth trying if you’re looking for an edge, but don’t expect miracles. There’s some good research showing potential benefits — but as with anything, there are no guarantees.”

What Happens to Your Body When You Add Beetroot Powder

Beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) is a vibrantly colored root vegetable packed with vitamins, minerals, fibers, proteins, and other nutrients. Incorporating beetroot powder into your daily routine may boost athletic performance, reduce inflammation, and more.

Because the earthy taste of raw beetroot may not please everyone's palate and roasting the fresh vegetable takes time, using beetroot powder is a convenient way to enjoy the spectrum of health benefits this "superfood" offers. 

1. Enhances Exercise Performance

For athletes seeking a competitive edge, beetroot powder offers the potential as a natural performance enhancer. Beetroot powder is rich in nitrates, which the body converts to nitric oxide—a vasodilator that widens blood vessels. Dilated blood vessels improve blood flow and oxygen delivery to working muscles, boosting stamina and endurance. 

Studies suggest that beetroot supplementation taken one to three hours before working out or engaging in physical activity also helps muscles work more efficiently, reducing fatigue and allowing athletes to perform high-intensity exercise for extended periods.

Beetroot powder's anti-inflammatory properties may also support muscle recovery after strenuous workouts, potentially decreasing muscle soreness and improving performance in subsequent training sessions. 

2. Lowers Blood Pressure

The average American diet is high in sodium—well above the recommended 2,300 milligrams (mg) daily. A high-sodium diet can increase blood pressure and raise the risk of heart disease and stroke.

Studies show that beetroot supplementation can reduce systolic (the first number in a blood pressure reading, indicating pressure in the arteries when the heart beats) and diastolic (the second number, indicating the pressure between beats) blood pressure in adults with hypertension (high blood pressure), helping protect against heart disease.

Other studies suggest beetroot supplementation may be an effective treatment for people with prehypertension—those with slightly elevated blood pressure levels who are at risk of developing hypertension.

3. May Improve Cognitive Function

Bioactive compounds in beetroot improve blood flow to the brain, delivering oxygen and nutrients that support cognitive function (e.g., memory, decision-making, and problem-solving). Beetroot powder's antioxidants, such as betalains and phenolic acids, may help reduce oxidative stress and prevent free radical damage that can contribute to cognitive decline.

Studies on the effects of beetroot supplementation on brain health and cognitive function (including memory, executive functioning, and problem-solving) show mixed results.

While some studies suggest beetroot supplementation may protect against age-related cognitive decline and neurodegenerative conditions like Alzheimer's disease, research on the mental effects of beetroot powder remains ongoing.

4. Supports Gut Health

A source of soluble and insoluble fiber, beetroot powder may help regulate bowel movements, aid in nutrient absorption, and support digestive health.

Beetroot may also promote a healthy gut microbiome. The gut microbiome is a complex ecosystem of trillions of microorganisms that play a role in digestion, immune function, and mental well-being.

Evidence suggests beetroot supplementation promotes the growth of beneficial gut bacteria, which may help reduce inflammation, support gut health, and promote overall health and well-being.

5. Reduces Inflammation

Chronic inflammation contributes to the development of many chronic diseases, including arthritis, cancer, and heart disease. Research shows that anti-inflammatory compounds in beetroot powder effectively suppress inflammatory pathways and control the production of pro-inflammatory substances, helping reduce systemic (bodywide) inflammation.

Although more research is needed, these findings suggest beetroot supplementation may help prevent or manage chronic, inflammatory diseases.

Compounds in Beetroot Powder 

Beetroot powder is made from dehydrated beetroot vegetables, which are ground into a fine powder. Roughly one teaspoon of beetroot powder is equivalent to the nutritional content of one raw beetroot, making the powder a convenient way to benefit from its health-promoting compounds. 

Nutrients and plant compounds in beetroot powder that offer health benefits include: 

  • Nitrates: When consumed, the body converts nitrates into nitric oxide, a vasodilator that helps blood vessels relax. Nitric oxide supports cardiovascular health by improving blood flow and lowering blood pressure.
  • Betalains: Natural pigments that give beetroot its red-purple hue have powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Betalains help neutralize free radicals, protecting cells from damage, reducing inflammation, and lowering the risk of chronic diseases.  
  • Dietary fiber: Beetroot contains soluble and insoluble dietary fibers, which aid digestion, support a healthy gut microbiome, and contribute to satiety (a content feeling of fullness after eating).  
  • Polyphenols: Beetroot powder is rich in polyphenols—plant compounds with potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that reduce the risk of chronic conditions like cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative diseases.  
  • Flavonoids: Beetroot flavonoids, such as quercetin and myricetin, are plant compounds with potent antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant, anticancer, and neuroprotective properties.  
  • Vitamins and minerals: Beetroot is rich in essential vitamins and minerals, including vitamin C, folate (vitamin B9), iron, manganese, and potassium.

Should Anyone Not Take Beetroot Powder?

While beetroot powder is generally considered safe, avoid taking the supplement if you have: 

  • Kidney stones: Beetroot powder is high in oxalates, which can contribute to kidney stone formation in people who are prone to developing them.
  • Hypotension: Beetroot powder's nitrates convert to nitric oxide, which can lower blood pressure.
  • Allergies to beets: People allergic to beets or other vegetables in the Amaranthaceae plant family may experience allergic reactions to beetroot powder (e.g., skin rash, itching, upset stomach.

How to Mix Beetroot Powder Drinks 

With its vibrant ruby-purple hue, beetroot powder adds a visually appealing, nutritious twist to your drinks. For a nutrient-packed beverage, you can add beetroot powder to virtually any beverage, including: 

  • Fruit juices
  • Plant-based milk
  • Smoothies 
  • Tea
  • Water

While beetroot powder is water soluble, it may clump in some liquids and require stirring to incorporate into your drink smoothly. Here is how to add powdered beetroot to your beverages:

  1. Begin with a small amount of beetroot powder (e.g., one-half teaspoon), gradually adding more powder as needed.
  2. Use a whisk, blender, or fork to ensure your beverage is free of clumps.
  3. If you prefer to mask the mildly earthy, sweet taste of beetroot powder, add a squeeze of lemon juice or natural sweeteners like honey, stevia, or maple syrup.

Organic vs. Nonorganic Beetroot Powder

Beetroot powder is available in organic and nonorganic forms. Organic produce like beetroot is grown in soil free from prohibited substances, such as fertilizers and pesticides. Nonorganic beetroot is grown using conventional farming methods, which may include synthetic pesticides and herbicides. 

Research exploring the nutritional differences in organic vs. conventionally grown beetroot vegetables found that organic beetroot has higher polyphenol and antioxidant content than conventionally grown beetroot. However, researchers concluded farming practices can vary widely and impact nutritional content, regardless of whether beetroot is organically or conventionally grown.

Summary 

Beetroot powder contains numerous vitamins, minerals, and health-promoting plant compounds that may boost athletic performance, lower blood pressure, improve gut health, and reduce inflammation. If you're considering taking beetroot powder, talk to a healthcare provider for guidance on dosage and frequency of use.

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