CAS Number : -48-4
EC Number : 215-171-9
Molecular Formula : MgO
Molecular Weight : 40.305
ECHA InfoCard : 100.013.793
PubChem CID :
ChemSpider :
Appearance : White powder
Odor : Odorless
Density : 3.6 g/cm3
Melting point : 2,852 °C
Boiling point : 3,600 °C
Solubility : Soluble in acid, ammonia insoluble in alcohol
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IUPAC name :
-Magnesium oxide
Other names :
-Magnesia
-Periclase
Magnesium oxide (MgO), or magnesia, is a white hygroscopic solid mineral that occurs naturally as periclase and is a source of magnesium (see also oxide).
Magnesium Oxide has an empirical formula of MgO and consists of a lattice of Mg2+ ions and O2− ions held together by ionic bonding.
Magnesium hydroxide forms in the presence of water (MgO + H2O → Mg(OH)2), but it can be reversed by heating it to remove moisture.
Magnesium oxide was historically known as magnesia alba (literally, the white mineral from Magnesia), to differentiate it from magnesia negra, a black mineral containing what is now known as manganese.
Related oxides of Magnesium Oxide
While "magnesium oxide" normally refers to MgO, the compound magnesium peroxide MgO2 is also known.
According to evolutionary crystal structure prediction,MgO2 is thermodynamically stable at pressures above 116 GPa (gigapascals), and a semiconducting suboxide Mg3O2 is thermodynamically stable above 500 GPa.
Because of its stability, MgO is used as a model system for investigating vibrational properties of crystals.
Electric properties of Magnesium Oxide
Pure MgO is not conductive and has a high resistance to electric current at room temperature.
The pure powder of MgO has a relative permittivity inbetween 3.2 to 9.9 k with an approximate dielectric loss of tan(δ) > 2.16x103 at 1kHz.
Production of Magnesium Oxide
Magnesium oxide is produced by the calcination of magnesium carbonate or magnesium hydroxide.
The latter is obtained by the treatment of magnesium chloride MgCl2 solutions, typically seawater, with limewater or milk of lime.
Mg2+ + Ca(OH)2 → Mg(OH)2 + Ca2+
Calcining at different temperatures produces magnesium oxide of different reactivity.
High temperatures – °C diminish the available surface area and produces dead-burned (often called dead burnt) magnesia, an unreactive form used as a refractory.
Calcining temperatures – °C produce hard-burned magnesia, which has limited reactivity and calcining at lower temperature, (700– °C) produces light-burned magnesia, a reactive form, also known as caustic calcined magnesia.
Although some decomposition of the carbonate to oxide occurs at temperatures below 700 °C, the resulting materials appear to reabsorb carbon dioxide from the air.
Applications of Magnesium Oxide
Heating elements
Magnesium Oxide is prized as a refractory material, i.e. a solid that is physically and chemically stable at high temperatures.
Magnesium Oxide has two useful attributes: high thermal conductivity and low electrical conductivity.
Filling the spiral Calrod range top heating elements on kitchen electric stoves is a major use.
"By far the largest consumer of magnesia worldwide is the refractory industry, which consumed about 56% of the magnesia in the United States in , the remaining 44% being used in agricultural, chemical, construction, environmental, and other industrial applications."
Magnesium Oxide is used as a basic refractory material for crucibles.
Fireproofing
Magnesium Oxide is a principal fireproofing ingredient in construction materials.
As a construction material, magnesium oxide wallboards have several attractive characteristics: fire resistance, termite resistance, moisture resistance, mold and mildew resistance, and strength.
Gas mantles
Most gas mantles utilize magnesium oxide.
Early iterations such as the Clamond basket used only this.
Later versions use ~60% magnesium oxide, with other components such as lanthanum oxide or yttrium oxide making up the rest.
Another exception would be thoriated gas mantles.
Niche uses
Magnesium Oxide is one of the components in Portland cement in dry process plants.
Magnesium oxide is used extensively in the soil and groundwater remediation, wastewater treatment, drinking water treatment, air emissions treatment, and waste treatment industries for its acid buffering capacity and related effectiveness in stabilizing dissolved heavy metal species.
Many heavy metals species, such as lead and cadmium are most soluble in water at acidic pH (below 6) as well as high pH (above 11).
Solubility of metals affects bioavailability of the species and mobility soil and groundwater systems.
Most metal species are toxic to humans at certain concentrations, therefore it is imperative to minimize metal bioavailability and mobility.
Granular Magnesium Oxide is often blended into metals-contaminated soil or waste material, which is also commonly of a low pH (acidic), in order to drive the pH into the 8–10 range where most metals are at their lowest solubilities (basic).
Metal-hydroxide complexes have a tendency to precipitate out of aqueous solution in the pH range of 8–10.
Magnesium Oxide is widely regarded as the most effective metals stabilization compound when compared to Portland cement, lime, kiln dust products, power generation waste products, and various proprietary products due to Magnesium Oxide's superior buffering capacity, cost effectiveness, and ease/safety of handling.
Most, if not all products that are marketed as metals stabilization technologies create very high pH conditions in aquifers whereas Magnesium Oxide creates an ideal aquifer condition with a pH of 8–10.
Additionally, magnesium, an essential element to most biological systems, is provided to soil and groundwater microbial populations during MgO-assisted metals remediation as an added benefit.
Medical
Magnesium Oxide is used for relief of heartburn and indigestion, as an antacid, magnesium supplement, and as a short-term laxative.
Magnesium Oxide is also used to improve symptoms of indigestion.
Side effects of magnesium oxide may include nausea and cramping.
In quantities sufficient to obtain a laxative effect, side effects of long-term use may rarely cause enteroliths to form, resulting in bowel obstruction.
Other Use
As a food additive, Magnesium Oxide is used as an anticaking agent.
Magnesium Oxide is known to the US Food and Drug Administration for cacao products; canned peas; and frozen dessert.
Magnesium Oxide has an E number of E530.
Magnesium Oxide was historically used as a reference white color in colorimetry, owing to its good diffusing and reflectivity properties.
Magnesium Oxide may be smoked onto the surface of an opaque material to form an integrating sphere.
Magnesium Oxide is used extensively as an electrical insulator in tubular construction heating elements.
There are several mesh sizes available and most commonly used ones are 40 and 80 mesh per the American Foundry Society.
The extensive use is due to its high dielectric strength and average thermal conductivity.
Magnesium Oxide is usually crushed and compacted with minimal airgaps or voids.
The electrical heating industry also experimented with aluminium oxide, but it is not used anymore.
As a reagent in the installation of the carboxybenzyl (Cbz) group using benzyl chloroformate in EtOAc for the N-protection of amines and amides.
Magnesium Oxide is also used as an insulator in heat-resistant electrical cable.
Magnesium Oxide doping has been shown to effectively inhibit grain growth in ceramics and improve their fracture toughness by transforming the mechanism of crack growth at nanoscale.
Pressed Magnesium Oxide is used as an optical material.
Magnesium Oxide is transparent from 0.3 to 7 μm.
The refractive index is 1.72 at 1 μm and the Abbe number is 53.58.
Magnesium Oxide is sometimes known by the Eastman Kodak trademarked name Irtran-5, although this designation is obsolete.
Crystalline pure Magnesium Oxide is available commercially and has a small use in infrared optics.
Magnesium Oxide is packed in bags around transuranic waste in the disposal cells (panels) at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant, as a CO2 getter to minimize the complexation of uranium and other actinides by carbonate ions and so to limit the solubility of radionuclides.
The use of Magnesium Oxide is preferred to this of CaO as the resulting hydration product (Mg(OH)2) is less soluble and releases less hydration heat.
Another advantage is to impose a lower pH value of ~ 10.5 in case of accidental water ingress in the dry salt layers while the more soluble Ca(OH)2 would create a higher pH of 12.5 (strongly alkaline conditions).
The Mg2+ cation being the second most abundant cation in seawater and in rocksalt, the potential release of magnesium ions dissolving in brines intruding the deep geological repository is also expected to minimize the geochemical perturbations.
Magnesium Oxide has an important place as a commercial plant fertilizer and as animal feed.
An aerosolized solution of Magnesium Oxide is used in library science and collections management for the deacidification of at-risk paper items.
In this process, the alkalinity of Magnesium Oxide (and similar compounds) neutralizes the relatively high acidity characteristic of low-quality paper, thus slowing the rate of deterioration.
Magnesium Oxide is also used as a protective coating in plasma displays.
Magnesium oxide is used as an oxide barrier in spin-tunneling devices.
Owing to the crystalline structure of its thin films, which can be deposited by magnetron sputtering, for example, it shows characteristics superior to those of the commonly used amorphous Al2O3.
In particular, spin polarization of about 85% has been achieved with MgO versus 40–60 % with aluminium oxide.
The value of tunnel magnetoresistance is also significantly higher for MgO (600% at room temperature and 1,100 % at 4.2 K) than Al2O3 (ca. 70% at room temperature).
Precautions of Magnesium Oxide
Inhalation of magnesium oxide fumes can cause metal fume fever.
Magnesium oxide (MgO) is an inorganic compound that occurs in nature as the mineral periclase.
In aqueous media combines quickly with water to form magnesium hydroxide.
Magnesium Oxide is used as an antacid and mild laxative and has many nonmedicinal uses.
Magnesium Oxides are known for their ability to tarnish glazes at greater rates, but the mechanism for this is different at higher temperatures and lower temperatures.
Magnesium oxide is obtained mainly from dolomite and talc at medium and high temperatures; It is mainly obtained from dolomite and talc.
However, more magnesium oxide is currently produced from the calcination of naturally occurring minerals.
Magnesite (MgCO3) is the most common natural source of magnesium oxide.
Other important sources include sea water, underground salt water deposits etc. takes place.
Research shows that magnesium is the eighth most abundant element in the earth's crust, making up about two percent of the earth's crust and 0.12% of seawater.
Magnesium oxide performs excellently at high temperatures, especially in electrical insulation.
Magnesium oxide is an inorganic salt of magnesium formed with ions of magnesium and oxygen (2).
Magnesium Oxide’s one of many forms of magnesium available for purchase in supplement form. It’s added to dietary supplements as well as over-the-counter medications used to treat constipation, indigestion, and headaches.
Compared with other forms of magnesium, it may be less effective at raising blood magnesium levels.
Magnesium oxide and other inorganic salts of magnesium like magnesium carbonate are high in elemental magnesium, which is the total amount of magnesium in a supplement (3Trusted Source).
However, they have a low solubility rate, making them less bioavailable than other forms of the mineral.
So, even though magnesium oxide supplements provide a good amount of magnesium, it’s not the most available form for your body to utilize
Uses of Magnesium Oxide
Magnesium Oxide is a mineral supplement used to prevent and treat low amounts of magnesium in the blood.
Some brands are also used to treat symptoms of too much stomach acid such as stomach upset, heartburn, and acid indigestion.
Magnesium Oxide is very important for the normal functioning of cells, nerves, muscles, bones, and the heart.
Usually, a well-balanced diet provides normal blood levels of Magnesium Oxide.
However, certain situations cause your body to lose magnesium faster than you can replace it from your diet.
These situations include treatment with "water pills" (diuretics such as furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide), a poor diet, alcoholism, or other medical conditions (such as severe diarrhea/vomiting, stomach/intestinal absorption problems, poorly controlled diabetes).
Magnesium oxide comes as a tablet and capsule to take by mouth.
It usually is taken one to four times daily depending on which brand is used and what condition you have.
Follow the directions on the package or on your prescription label carefully, and ask your doctor or pharmacist to explain any part you do not understand.
Take magnesium oxide exactly as directed.
Do not take more or less of it or take it more often than prescribed by your doctor.
Take any other medicine and magnesium oxide at least 2 hours apart.
If you are using magnesium oxide as a laxative, take it with a full glass of cold water or fruit juice.
Do not take a dose late in the day on an empty stomach.
Do not take magnesium oxide as an antacid for longer than 2 weeks unless your doctor tells you to.
Do not take magnesium oxide as a laxative for more than 1 week unless your doctor tells you to.
Magnesium oxide is a magnesium salt form.
While most people get magnesium from food, sometimes supplementation is needed.
Magnesium oxide is one of a few types of magnesium supplements and is also an ingredient in some over-the-counter (OTC) medications.
Magnesium oxide is most commonly used in treating low magnesium levels and constipation.
Magnesium oxide has also been studied for its effects on blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, and migraines.
Usage areas of Magnesium Oxide
In the field of photography:
Magnesium oxide is widely used in the outer body of all photographic devices today to strengthen the body.
Structure:
Magnesium oxide is among those known to be a substance that is used in very effective areas in the industry.
For example, magnesium oxide is again combined with magnesium chloride and used extensively as a reinforcing feature in the important fiber and glass industry.
Thus, it is used quite often in the production of decoration products.
In the field of chemistry:
Magnesium oxide is used in grignard reactions in chemistry.
In the field of medicine:
Magnesium oxide is a substance that is frequently used as a laxative in the field of medicine for the treatment of sick people and for bowel cleansing.
Magnesium oxide, which is highly resistant to fire, is used in the construction of furnaces and fire bricks.
Magnesium oxide (MgO)is An inorganic compound that occurs in nature as the mineral periclase.
In aqueous media combines quickly with water to form magnesium hydroxide.
Magnesium oxide is used as an antacid and mild laxative and has many nonmedicinal uses.
Magnesium oxide supplements' main uses include treating low magnesium levels in the body.
The body needs magnesium for normal functioning of nerves, muscles, and cells.
Lack of magnesium after a liver transplant can lead to irritability, muscle weakness, irregular heartbeat, or seizures.
Magnesium-providing medications also can be used to treat heartburn, acid indigestion, or sour stomach.
Magnesium Oxide Side Effects
Magnesium Oxide is not uncommon to experience diarrhea, stomach upset, bloating, and gas while taking magnesium supplements.
If any of these side effects persists or becomes bothersome, inform your child’s transplant doctor or transplant coordinator.
he side effects of magnesium oxide listed below occur only rarely.
If your child experiences any of these, inform the doctor or coordinator immediately.
-Nausea
-Vomiting
-Slow reflexes
-Change in heart rate
-Flushing or faintness
Magnesium Oxide Drug Interactions
Tell your coordinator about all the medication your child uses, whether over-the-counter or prescription, so you can be warned of undesirable interactions and prevent them.
Magnesium oxide is a mineral supplement that’s used to increase blood magnesium levels.
Magnesium oxide’s a white solid that is commonly found in powder form.
Magnesium oxide contains more magnesium than other magnesium supplements and is often used to prevent or reverse magnesium deficiency.
However, the issue of magnesium oxide absorption has been raised by researchers who don’t believe it to be as bioavailable and effective as other types of magnesium supplements.
Magnesium oxide is made by burning magnesium with pure oxygen.
In some magnesium oxide supplements, oxygen is exposed to magnesium salts from underground deposits or salt beds.
Products made this way tend to be less expensive than pure magnesium oxide, but the quality may not be equivalent, as it depends on the type of magnesium salt used in the process.
The molar mass of magnesium oxide is 40.3 grams per mol.
The empirical formula for magnesium oxide is MgO, and it contains around 60 percent elemental magnesium, which is the highest percentage amount all types of magnesium supplements.
Magnesium oxide also interacts with hydrochloric acid (HCL) to form magnesium chloride salt and water.
Because magnesium is a molecule that can’t be by itself, it needs to be bound to something to be ingested in supplement form.
Magnesium oxide is bonded to oxygen, while other supplements, like magnesium chelate, are bound to an amino acid.
Contact us to discuss your requirements of mag oxide granular. Our experienced sales team can help you identify the options that best suit your needs.
The salts of magnesium oxide have antacid, laxative and muscle relaxant activities.
Although the absorption of magnesium oxide is considered poor, this type of magnesium supplement provides more magnesium per tablet, so it is known to be an effective remedy for magnesium deficiency symptoms.
Magnesium is a naturally occurring mineral.
Magnesium is important for many systems in the body especially the muscles and nerves.
Magnesium oxide is used as a supplement to maintain adequate magnesium in the body.
Magnesium oxide is also used as an antacid to treat indigestion, or as a laxative to relieve occasional constipation.
Magnesium oxide is a supplement that contains magnesium and oxygen ions.
Magnesium oxide’s used to treat a variety of conditions, including heartburn, indigestion, constipation, a magnesium deficiency, and other ailments.
Magnesium oxide is one of many magnesium salts used clinically; others salts utilized are the hydroxide, sulphate, carbonate, citrate, and trisilicate; magnesium oxide is only administered orally.
The oxide is converted to hydroxide in water and therefore, the properties are very similar to those of magnesium hydroxide.
Magnesium oxide is a compound commonly used as a laxative for the symptomatic relief of acid indigestion and upset stomach, and in health supplements for cardiovascular and neuromuscular health.
Magnesium oxide (MgO, CAS Reg. No. -48-4) occurs naturally as the colorless, crystalline mineral periclase.
Magnesium oxide is produced either as a bulky white powder (light) or a relatively dense white powder (heavy) by heating magnesium hydroxide or carbonate.
Heating these magnesium salts under moderate conditions (400° to 900 °C for a few hours) produces light magnesium oxide.
Heating the salts under more rigorous conditions ( °C for 12 hours) produces heavy magnesium oxide.
Light magnesium oxide is converted to heavy magnesium oxide by sustained heating at high temperatures.
First aid measures of Magnesium oxide
Following inhalation :
Provide fresh air.
Following skin contact :
Rinse skin with water/shower.
Following eye contact :
Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes.
Following ingestion :
Rinse mouth.
Call a doctor if you feel unwell.
Substance identity
EC / List no.: 215-171-9
CAS no.: -48-4
Hazard classification & labelling of Magnesium Oxide
Warning! According to the classification provided by companies to ECHA in CLP notifications this substance causes serious eye irritation.
Magnesium Oxide indicated, in , as being intended to be registered by at least one company in the EEA.
Magnesium Oxide for which classification and labeling data have been submitted to ECHA in a registration under REACH or notified by manufacturers or importers under CLP.
Such notifications are required for hazardous substances, as such or in mixtures, as well as for all substances subject to registration, regardless of their hazard.
Magnesium Oxide listed in the EINECS, ELINCS, or NLP inventories.
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Everpure systems include a .5 GPM flow restrictor fitting that should be installed in the outlet port of the head. The fitting limits the flow of water that can go through the filter to .5 GPM.
To increase the flow to 1 GPM to match the flow rate of the MAF Cartridge, the .5 GPM fitting must be replaced with a 1 GPM fitting. The MAF cartridge will work with the .5 GPM flow restrictor, but the flow will be limited to .5 GPM. It is only necessary to replace this fitting if you desire an increase in your flow rate.
It is possible that the flow restrictor may be installed on the inlet port, however this is not recommended. If upon removing the fitting from the outlet, if it is not found to have a flow restrictor in the fitting (usually stainless steel), remove the inlet fitting and see if the flow restrictor was installed on the inlet side.
It is recommended that the flow restrictor be installed on the outlet port to prevent the small opening from becoming clogged with sediment from the untreated water.
Fitting grips before it seals. Ensure tube is pushed into the tube stop.
Push the tube into the fitting, to the tube stop. The collet (gripper) has stainless steel teeth which hold the tube firmly in position while the O-ring provides a permanent leak-proof seal.
Pull on the tube to check that it is secure. It is a good practice to test the system prior to leaving site and/or before use.
To disconnect, ensure the system is depressurized before removing the tube. Push in collet squarely against face of fitting. With the collet held in this position, the tube can be removed. The fitting can then be re-used.
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Fitting grips before it seals. Ensure tube is pushed into the tube stop.
Push the tube into the fitting, to the tube stop. The collet (gripper) has stainless steel teeth which hold the tube firmly in position while the O-ring provides a permanent leak-proof seal.
Pull on the tube to check that it is secure. It is a good practice to test the system prior to leaving site and/or before use.
To disconnect, ensure the system is depressurized before removing the tube. Push in collet squarely against face of fitting. With the collet held in this position, the tube can be removed. The fitting can then be re-used.
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SharkBite brass push-to-connect fittings create a seamless and easy transition between different types of pipe materials. No tools are required and the fittings can be even installed in wet lines. The fitting can be rotated after installation, so you can install without having to worry about how it’s positioned. SharkBite fittings are also approved for behind the wall and underground installations. If the fitting is being installed for underground use, wrap with silicone self-adhesive tape before burying.
To get started, identify the pipe material. SharkBite brass push-to-connect fittings are compatible with PEX, Copper, CPVC, PE-RT and HDPE pipe. SharkBite fittings come with a PEX stiffener pre-loaded into the fitting for PEX, PE-RT and HDPE. The PEX stiffener does not need to be removed for Copper or CPVC applications.
Be sure the pipe is free of scratches or debris and cut the pipe as cleanly and squarely as possible. If you are working with copper pipe, use a deburr tool or sand paper to remove any sharp edges or burrs on the pipe. Failing to deburr the pipe properly can compromise the fitting.
Use your SharkBite Deburr & Gauge Tool to measure and mark the insertion depth on your pipe.
Push the fitting to the insertion mark you just made on the pipe. Now, turn on the water and check the connection.
Unlike other fittings, SharkBite brass push-to-connect fittings can be removed and re-used if changes are necessary. To remove the fitting, use a SharkBite Disconnect Clip or Disconnect Tongs. To use the Disconnect Clip, snap it on to the pipe and pull up to the release collar. Press the release collar using the Disconnect Clip and pull the pipe from the fitting. To use the Disconnect Tongs, slide the tongs over the fitting and the pipe. Squeeze the tongs to press the fitting’s release collar and pull the pipe from the fitting. The SharkBite Universal brass push-to-connect fitting is ready to re-use.
For more information, please visit pure magnesium oxide manufacturer.